Description

AMOXIL CAPS are oral capsules containing the active ingredient amoxicillin, a widely used antibiotic in the penicillin class. These capsules are available in two strengths: 250 mg and 500 mg. They are designed to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including those affecting the ear, nose, throat, respiratory tract, skin, and urinary tract. Additionally, they are used in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and in the prophylaxis of infective endocarditis.

Capsule Characteristics

• 250 mg Capsules: Maroon and yellow hard gelatin, marked with 'AM250'.
• 500 mg Capsules: Maroon and yellow hard gelatin, marked with 'AM500'.
• Other variants include peach/orange capsules marked with WC 730 (250 mg) and WC 731 (500 mg).

These capsules are typically packaged in blister packs or bottles, with quantities ranging from 20 to 1000 capsules.

Mechanism of Action

Amoxicillin works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death. It is effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. However, it is not effective against bacteria that produce β-lactamase unless combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor.

Dosage and Administration

For adults, the typical dosage ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg every 8 hours, depending on the severity and type of infection. In children, dosing is weight-based. Dosage adjustments may be necessary for patients with renal impairment. The capsules should be swallowed whole with water and can be taken with or without food.

Pharmacokinetics

Amoxicillin has a bioavailability of 74–92%, with peak plasma levels occurring 1–2 hours after administration. It is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, with a half-life of 0.7–1.4 hours in adults with normal renal function.

Contraindications and Precautions

Contraindications include hypersensitivity to amoxicillin, penicillins, or other β-lactam antibiotics. Precautions should be taken in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions, and those with renal impairment. Potential side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms, allergic reactions, and, in rare cases, severe skin reactions.

Drug Interactions

Amoxicillin may interact with other medications such as tetracyclines, macrolide antibiotics, probenecid, allopurinol, methotrexate, and warfarin. It may also reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and live bacterial vaccines.

Storage

Store AMOXIL CAPS at 20–25°C in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep them in their original packaging and out of reach of children. Ensure the full course is completed as prescribed to prevent antibiotic resistance.